Hello, Im Robert, the middle child from a family of 5, which includes an older brother and sister, and 2 younger sisters. I'm also a very thankful husband, who has been married to an awesome woman going on 9 years now. We have a blended family of 7, including 14 grandchildren.
The 4 Cardinal Virtues: CS Lewis believes that prudence is basically common sense. It's contemplating what you do, and considering the likely consequences. This is not just about being good, or being a fool, but about using all of your intellectual abilities given by God.
Lewis defines temperance as having moderation in all things. And clarifies that this term has been historically defined as abstaining from alcoholic drink. But this is not what is meant when this term was first coined. The term means "going the right length and no further."
Justice means more than what is perceived from a legalistic perspective, but also means doing the right thing by being fair in your personal connections and associations. It embraces being honest, truthful, and keeping your promises.
Fortitude includes both kinds of courage; being able to face danger and being able to "stick it" (or having guts) under pain. The other virtues cannot be accomplished "very long" without first having the virtue of fortitude.
Lewis explains that the essential vice is Pride or Self-Conceit; the opposite of Humility. The sin of pride is a state of mind that is completely anti-God, and leads to every other vice.
Each person's pride is really in competition with other's pride, "in a way that other vices are not." So in essence, being proud is really about comparing yourself to others, and feeling good about being better than they are.
In explaining this, Lewis clarifies that once the element of competition has been eliminated, pride will also come to be eliminated. He advances that pride enjoys power; being able to control others as you fancy.
Pride brings enmity between man and man, and between God and man, as well. Lewis declares that the proud man cannot know God, because they are always looking down on things and others, and cannot discern anything above them.
Even though pride can be used as a tool to beat down other vices, if not controlled, it becomes the prime dictator in your life, similar to a "spiritual cancer" that consumes the very possibility of love, contentment or common sense.
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